What does exhalation refer to?

Exhalation refers to the process of breathing out, which is the act of expelling air from the lungs. It is a key part of the respiratory cycle, following inhalation, where fresh air is drawn into the lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which causes the volume of the thoracic cavity to decrease and air to be pushed out of the lungs. This process is essential for maintaining adequate gas exchange in the body, as it removes carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, and plays a critical role in maintaining respiratory health. Understanding the mechanics of exhalation helps in recognizing the importance of breathing patterns and their influence on overall well-being.