Which condition is characterized by a drop in blood pressure when a person changes positions?

Orthostatic hypotension is specifically defined as a condition where there is a significant drop in blood pressure when an individual changes positions, particularly when moving from a sitting or lying position to a standing position. This can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or even fainting, as the body struggles to adequately adjust blood flow in response to the change in position.

The underlying mechanism involves the body's inability to effectively regulate blood pressure due to changes in nerve signals. When a person stands, gravity pulls blood down into the lower extremities, and normally, the autonomic nervous system compensates by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels to maintain adequate blood pressure. However, in individuals with orthostatic hypotension, this compensatory mechanism is inadequate, leading to the observed symptoms.

This condition is particularly relevant in clinical settings, as it can indicate underlying issues such as dehydration, blood volume depletion, or certain medication side effects. Recognizing this condition is crucial for ensuring patient safety and managing any potential risks associated with position changes.